Vojislav Bego Mjerenja U Elektrotehnici Pdf Download Info

| Old Concept | Modern Equivalent | Why It Still Matters | |---|---|---| | | Automated LCR meters, software‑defined bridges | Understanding bridge balance aids in troubleshooting calibration errors in modern instruments. | | RMS‑responding meters | True‑RMS digital meters, DSP‑based calculations | The distinction between average‑responding and true‑RMS remains crucial when measuring distorted waveforms. | | Manual uncertainty calculation | Automated uncertainty‑analysis tools (e.g., GUM Workbench) | Knowing the underlying math enables correct usage of software and helps detect hidden assumptions. | | Four‑wire (Kelvin) measurement | Kelvin connections in high‑precision source‑measure units (SMUs) | Low‑contact resistance measurement is still vital for sub‑µΩ resistance and precision power‑electronics testing. |

| Chapter | Title (Typical) | Core Topics | Representative Laboratory/Exercise | |---|---|---|---| | | Osnove mjerenja (Fundamentals of Measurement) | Units, dimensions, SI system, dimensional analysis, measurement chain, accuracy vs. precision. | Calibration of a simple resistor bridge; determining the scale factor of a voltage divider. | | 2 | Mjerne pogreške i nesigurnost (Measurement Errors & Uncertainty) | Types of errors, error propagation, statistical treatment, confidence levels, Bessel’s correction. | Repeated measurement of a DC voltage source; computing standard deviation and expanded uncertainty. | | 3 | Mjerenje napona (Voltage Measurement) | Voltmeters (analog, digital), potential dividers, high‑impedance buffering, AC voltage measurement, RMS conversion. | Use of a 4‑½‑digit DMM to measure sinusoidal, triangular, and square waveforms; comparing true RMS vs. average‑responding meters. | | 4 | Mjerenje struje (Current Measurement) | Ammeters (shunt, Hall‑effect, current transformers), burden voltage, measurement of high currents, AC vs. DC. | Building a shunt‑based ammeter; verification with a calibrated clamp‑on meter. | | 5 | Otpor i vodljivost (Resistance & Conductance) | Wheatstone bridge, Kelvin double bridge, temperature coefficient of resistance, four‑wire sensing. | Determination of a low‑value resistor (≈10 mΩ) using Kelvin bridge; temperature‑compensated measurement. | | 6 | Indukcijski i kapacitivni mjerni uređaji (Inductive & Capacitive Measuring Instruments) | LCR meters, bridge methods (Hay, Maxwell), dielectric loss, Q‑factor measurement, frequency dependence. | Measuring the capacitance of a high‑Q ceramic capacitor across 1 kHz–1 MHz. | | 7 | Snimanje i obrada signala (Signal Capture & Processing) | Oscilloscopes, sampling theorem, aliasing, anti‑aliasing filters, Fourier analysis, spectrum analyzers. | Capturing a 100 kHz square wave with a 200 MS/s oscilloscope; observing harmonic content. | | 8 | Mjerenje snage (Power Measurement) | Wattmeters (electrodynamic, electronic), true power vs. apparent power, power factor, three‑phase power, harmonic power analysis. | Power measurement on a three‑phase induction motor; calculation of PF and total harmonic distortion (THD). | | 9 | Mjerenje frekvencije i faze (Frequency & Phase Measurement) | Frequency counters, phase meters, vector network analysis, time‑interval measurement, jitter. | Determination of phase shift in an RC low‑pass filter using a dual‑channel oscilloscope. | | 10 | Elektronički senzori i transduktori (Electronic Sensors & Transducers) | Temperature (thermocouples, RTDs), pressure, flow, light, Hall sensors, strain gauges, signal conditioning. | Wheatstone‑bridge strain gauge measurement on a cantilever beam; temperature compensation. | | 11 | Kalibracija i standardi (Calibration & Standards) | Traceability, calibration procedures, uncertainty budgets, use of reference standards, inter‑laboratory comparison. | Calibration of a digital multimeter against a Class 0.5 voltage standard; preparation of an uncertainty budget. | | 12 | Primjene u industriji (Industrial Applications) | Power‑quality monitoring, protective relaying, condition monitoring, non‑destructive testing, remote sensing. | Installation of a power‑quality monitor on a distribution panel; analysis of voltage sags and swells. | | 13 | Noviji trendovi (Contemporary Trends – 1990s edition) | Digital data acquisition, PC‑based measurement, PLC integration, early SCADA, wireless telemetry. | Using a PC‑based DAQ board to log temperature and current data over 24 h and performing statistical analysis. | | Appendices | Matematički alati, tablice, bibliografija | Logarithmic tables, conversion factors, standard resistor/capacitor values, reference literature. | — | vojislav bego mjerenja u elektrotehnici pdf download

| Resource | Format | Why It Helps | |---|---|---| | | Textbook (2020) | Modern coverage of sensors, data‑acquisition hardware, and software tools. | | NI (National Instruments) LabVIEW Fundamentals | Online courses (free/paid) | Hands‑on experience with digital acquisition, signal processing, and uncertainty analysis. | | IEC 61010‑1 Safety Standard | PDF (purchase from IEC) | Safety requirements for measurement equipment—essential for lab work. | | Metrology Society of Serbia – “Metrology in Electrical Engineering” | Conference proceedings (PDF) | Latest regional research, often includes case studies that reference Bego’s methodology. | | MATLAB/Octave Scripts for Uncertainty Propagation | Open‑source code (GitHub) | Practical implementation of the GUM (Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement). | | YouTube Channels – EEVblog, The Signal Path | Video tutorials | Visual demonstration of bridge circuits, true‑RMS measurements, and modern digital meters. | 7. Quick Reference Cheat‑Sheet (Based on Bego) | Quantity | Primary Instrument | Typical Accuracy (Class) | Key Calibration Requirement | |---|---|---|---| | DC Voltage (0‑10 V) | Digital Multimeter (DMM) | 0 | Old Concept | Modern Equivalent | Why

| Source of Error | Type (Systematic/Random) | Estimated Value | Probability Distribution | Combined Uncertainty | |---|---|---|---|---| | | Four‑wire (Kelvin) measurement | Kelvin connections