1. Fundamental Principles Q1: State Kirchhoff’s First Law (Current Law). A1: The sum of currents entering any junction is equal to the sum of currents leaving that junction. [ \sum I_\textin = \sum I_\textout ] Explanation: Based on conservation of charge.
( 12 = 2I_1 + 3(I_1 - I_2) ) ( 12 = 5I_1 - 3I_2 ) … (1) kirchhoff 39-s laws questions and answers pdf a level
(a) Combine A+R₁ branch: 12V + 1Ω + 2Ω = 12V, 3Ω total. B+R₂ branch: 8V + 1Ω + 4Ω = 8V, 5Ω total. These two branches in parallel with R₃=2Ω. Use superposition or loop equations for accurate answer. Final equivalent resistance ≈ 1.67Ω. kirchhoff 39-s laws questions and answers pdf a level