1. Introduction International Payment (Thanh toán quốc tế) is a core subject for finance and banking students. Exercises in this field often focus on calculating exchange rates, determining cross rates, identifying profits from arbitrage, and managing risks using instruments like letters of credit (L/C). Mastering these exercises requires both theoretical understanding and practical calculation skills. 2. Common Types of Exercises 2.1. Exchange Rate Calculations Objective: Determine Bid (buying) and Ask (selling) rates between two currencies.

Given USD/VND = 25,450 – 25,480. Calculate the amount of VND needed to buy 1,000 USD.

An L/C requires shipment by May 31. Bill of lading shows "Shipped on board April 15, but signed on June 2." Is it compliant?

In New York: USD/EUR = 0.8500 In London: GBP/USD = 1.3000 In Frankfurt: EUR/GBP = 0.9000 Is there arbitrage? If starting with $1,000,000, what is profit?

USD/JPY = 110.50 – 110.70 USD/VND = 25,450 – 25,480 Find VND/JPY cross rate.

Convert USD → EUR → GBP → USD: 1,000,000 USD → 850,000 EUR → 765,000 GBP → 994,500 USD → Loss. Try reverse: USD → GBP → EUR → USD: 1,000,000 USD → 769,230.77 GBP → 692,307.69 EUR → 814,479.64 USD → Still loss. Thus no triangular arbitrage. 2.4. Letter of Credit (L/C) Exercises Objective: Understand payment process, discrepancies, and documents.

Bill value: $100,000, tenor 90 days, discount rate 5% p.a., commission 0.25%. Calculate net proceeds.