Chemical Thermodynamics Mit Official

From (dG = -SdT + VdP): [ -\left(\frac\partial S\partial P\right)_T = \left(\frac\partial V\partial T\right)_P ]

(const (T,P)): [ \sum_i N_i d\mu_i = 0 ] This is crucial for checking consistency of experimental data. 7. Chemical Equilibrium Consider a reaction (\sum_i \nu_i \mathcalM_i = 0) (with (\nu_i) > 0 for products, < 0 for reactants). chemical thermodynamics mit

For ideal gases: [ \sum_i \nu_i \mu_i^\circ(T) = -RT \ln K_P ] where [ K_P = \prod_i \left(\fracP_iP^\circ\right)^\nu_i ] From (dG = -SdT + VdP): [ -\left(\frac\partial

For non-ideal systems: [ \mu_i = \mu_i^\circ + RT \ln a_i ] where (a_i) = activity, and activity coefficient (\gamma_i = a_i / x_i) (for Raoult’s law basis). 0 for products