Calculus, a branch of mathematics, is a fundamental tool that has revolutionized the way we understand and interact with the world around us. Developed independently by Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in the late 17th century, calculus is divided into two main branches: Differential Calculus and Integral Calculus. Differential calculus deals with the study of rates of change and slopes of curves, while integral calculus focuses on the accumulation of quantities and the areas under and between curves.