| Rule | Definition | Letters | Example | |------|------------|---------|---------| | | Pronounce the noon clearly without nasalization. | 6 throat letters: ء ه ع ح غ خ | أنعمت | | 2. Idgham (Merging) | Merge the noon into the following letter. | With Ghunnah (nasal): ي ر م ل Without Ghunnah: ل ر | من ربهم | | 3. Iqlab (Conversion) | Turn the noon into a hidden Meem (م) with ghunnah. | ب | من بعد | | 4. Ikhfa (Hiding) | Hide the noon with partial ghunnah. | Remaining 15 letters: ت ث ج د ذ ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ف ق ك | من قبل | Category B: Rules of Meem Sakinah (م) | Rule | Definition | Letters | Example | |------|------------|---------|---------| | 1. Ikhfa Shafawi (Lip Hiding) | Hide the meem with ghunnah while closing lips. | ب | ترميهم | | 2. Idgham Shafawi (Lip Merging) | Merge the meem into the next meem. | م | لهم ما | | 3. Izhar Shafawi (Lip Clarity) | Pronounce the meem clearly. | All other letters except م & ب | عليهم و | Category C: Rules of Madd (Prolongation) Madd means to stretch the sound of Alif , Waw , or Ya . Length is measured in harakat (movements; 1 haraka = 1 finger count).

Introduction: Why Tajweed Exists The word Tajweed (تجويد) linguistically means "to make better" or "to perfect." Technically, it is the set of rules governing the pronunciation of each letter from its proper makhraj (articulation point) with its intrinsic and conditional sifaat (characteristics).